Ubuntu 16.04 下配置 Flask + Nginx + Gunicorn + Supervisor
Mon, Aug 1, 2016仅供个人记录，附带了在另一台 Debian 8.0 x86_64 minimal 机器上的一些操作。
Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 16.04
SSH 登录
ssh <user>@<ip> -p <port>
修改 root 密码
passwd root
添加新账户，新建用户目录，替换 sh 为 bash
useradd --create-home --user-group --shell /bin/bash <user>
passwd <user>
usermod -aG sudo <user>
修改 SSH 端口，禁用 root 登录，禁用密码登录
sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
找到并修改 Port <数字>、PermitRootLogin no、PasswordAuthentication no
SSH-Key 登录，本地
ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
服务器
mkdir ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
复制公钥进去
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo systemctl reload sshd（或 /etc/init.d/ssh restart）
sudo ufw app list
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
sudo ufw allow <port>
设置语系
sudo locale-gen zh_CN.UTF-8
设置时区（可选）
timedatectl list-timezones
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
timedatectl
修改服务器 hostname，需要编辑 /etc/hostname、/etc/hosts 两个文件，只修改 /etc/hosts 会提示 sudo: unable to resolve host (none)
编译安装 Python（可选，我在 Debian 上的操作；Ubuntu 自带 Python 3）：
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tar.xz
tar xJf ./Python-3.5.2.tar.xz
cd ./Python-3.5.2
./configure --prefix=/opt/python3.5
make && sudo make install
sudo ln -fs /opt/python3.5/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.5
如果 缺少编译组件，提示 configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH：
sudo apt-get install build-essential
报错 Ignoring ensurepip failure: pip 8.1.1 requires SSL/TLS
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev openssl
Debian 上编译完的 Python 缺少 sqlite，提示 ImportError: No module named '_sqlite3'
sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev
安装 pip（Python 3 是 python3-pip）
sudo apt-get install python-pip
安装 virtualenv
sudo pip install virtualenv
安装虚拟环境
virtualenv -p python3 venv
Debian 上是
virtualenv -p python3.5 venv
完整命令实际是
virtualenv --python=<python path> <venv>
How To Install Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP (LEMP stack) in Ubuntu 16.04
sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx restart
配置 Nginx
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sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/<project>
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/<project> /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
sudo nginx -t
sudo service nginx restart
Nginx 示例配置
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
location /static {
alias /home/<user>/<project>/<app>/static/;
}
}
安装 MySQL
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo mysql_secure_installation
mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE myproject CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER myprojectuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myproject.* TO myprojectuser@localhost;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
安装 Gunicorn
(venv) pip install gunicorn
wsgi.py 中有 Flask 实例 app，测试一下
(venv) gunicorn -w 4 -b 127.0.0.1:8000 wsgi:app
ps aux | grep gunicorn
kill -9 <pid>
How to Deploy Python WSGI Apps Using Gunicorn HTTP Server Behind Nginx
gunicorn.conf 配置文件
import os
import multiprocessing
path_of_current_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
workers = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 2 + 1
proc_name = 'gunicorn.<project>'
loglevel = 'info'
pidfile = '{}/run/gunicorn.pid'.format(path_of_current_dir)
accesslog = '{}/logs/gunicorn_acc.log'.format(path_of_current_dir)
errorlog = '{}/logs/gunicorn_err.log'.format(path_of_current_dir)
bind = '127.0.0.1:8000'
python web 部署：nginx + gunicorn + supervisor + flask 部署笔记
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Monitoring Processes with Supervisord
配置 Supervisor（不支持 Python 3，安装在虚拟环境以外）
sudo apt-get install supervisor
echo_supervisord_conf > supervisor.conf
编辑 supervisor.conf，在末尾添加如下内容（Supervisor Configuration File）
[program:<project>]
command=/home/<user>/<project>/venv/bin/gunicorn -c /home/<user>/<appname>/gunicorn.conf wsgi:app
directory=/home/<user>/<project>
user=<user>
stdout_logfile=/home/<user>/<project>/logs/supervisor_out.log
redirect_stderr=true
Supervisor 的基本命令
supervisord -c supervisor.conf
supervisorctl -c supervisor.conf status
supervisorctl -c supervisor.conf reload
supervisorctl -c supervisor.conf start [all]|[project]
supervisorctl -c supervisor.conf stop [all]|[project]
也可以把 Supervisor 的配置文件放在 /etc/supervisor/conf.d/，这样就不用每次都运行 supervisord 加载配置文件了
sudo supervisorctl reread
sudo supervisorctl update
sudo supervisorctl start [all]|[project]
Kickstarting Flask on Ubuntu - Setup and Deployment